समावेशी शिक्षा Inclusive education

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समावेशी शिक्षा  Inclusive education एक शिक्षा प्रणाली है।
 शिक्षा का समावेशीकरण यह बताता है कि विशेष शैक्षणिक आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए एक सामान्य छात्र और एक दिव्यागछात्र को समान शिक्षा प्राप्ति के अवसर मिलने चाहिए। इसमें एक सामान्य छात्र एक दिव्याग छात्र के साथ विद्यालय में अधिकतर समय बिताता है। पहले समावेशी शिक्षा की परिकल्पना सिर्फ विशेष छात्रों के लिए की गई थी लेकिन आधुनिक काल में हर शिक्षक को इस सिद्धांत को विस्तृत दृष्टिकोण में अपनी कक्षा में व्यवहार में लाना चाहिए।
समावेशी शिक्षा या एकीकरण के सिद्धांत की ऐतिहासक जड़ें कनाडा और अमेरिका से जुड़ीं हैं। प्राचीन शिक्षा पद्धति की जगह नई शिक्षा नीति का प्रयोग आधुनिक समय में होने लगा है। समावेशी शिक्षा विशेष विद्यालय या कक्षा को स्वीकार नहीं करता। अशक्त बच्चों को सामान्य बच्चों से अलग करना अब मान्य नहीं है। विकलांग बच्चों को भी सामान्य बच्चों की तरह ही शैक्षिक गतिविधियों में भाग लेने का अधिकार है।
शिक्षक कक्षा में सहयोग की भावना बढ़ाने के लिए कुछ तरीकों का उपयोग करते हैं
  • समुदाय भावना को बढ़ाने के लिए खेलों का आयोजन
  • विद्यार्थियों को समस्या के समाधान में शामिल करना
  • किताबों और गीतों का आदान-प्रदान
  • सम्बंधित विचारों का कक्षा में आदान-प्रदान
  • छात्रों में समुदाय की भावना बढ़ाने के लिए कार्यक्रम तैयार करना
  • छात्रों को शिक्षक की भूमिका निभाने का अवसर देना
  • विभिन्न क्रियाकलापों के लिए छात्रों का दल बनाना
  • प्रिय वातावरण का निर्माण करना
  • बच्चों के लिए लक्ष्य-निर्धारण
  • अभिभावकों का सहयोग लेना
  • विशेष प्रशिक्षित शिक्षकों की सेवा लेना

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